Research from the Dutch regulator shows that the average loss per client is more than €2,600 when trading in turbos.

Sixty-eight percent of retail investors who traded in turbos between 1 June 2017 and 1 July 2018 have suffered losses, according to research from the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets (AFM). The average return per client, at -€2,680, was negative, while at transaction level, the average return was -€38, or -2.9%. ‘With a turbo you invest indirectly in an underlying asset such as a share or index,’ said Steven Hu (pictured) , supervisor borrowing, saving and retail